Josephine Clara Goldmark (1877-1950)
Immigration to the US Resources | Other Resources
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| Title page of Fatigue and Efficiency, by Josephine Goldmark, 1913. |
A researcher, author, and legal expert, Josephine Goldmark contributed substantially to the movement to reform the working conditions of native-born and immigrant workers. Raised in Brooklyn, New York, and educated at Bryn Mawr College, Goldmark became the chairman of the committee on labor laws for the National Consumers League (NCL) and subsequently the publications secretary of the league. Due to her reputation for being an NCL expert on labor conditions, Goldmark served on many non-NCL labor investigations, and, in 1911, she served on the committee investigating the Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire in New York City.
In 1912, the Russell Sage Foundation published one of her most important works, Fatigue and Efficiency, in which she demonstrated that excessive working hours not only hurt workers physically, but also impaired their productivity. The Russell Sage Foundation, a philanthropic organization that analyzed social problems and campaigned for social reforms, was strongly concerned with the connection between immigration and urban social problems, such as poverty, overcrowding, and labor unrest. As a result, much of Goldmark's work for the Russell Sage Foundation, from Fatigue and Efficiency to her later service as the Assistant Director of Social Research, directly concerned the interrelationship of immigration and labor relations.
During the First World War, in addition to continuing to work for the Russell Sage Foundation, Goldmark served as the executive secretary of the Committee on Women in Industry. As manager of the Women's Service Section of the US Railroad Administration (1918-1920), she investigated the working conditions of women and children nationwide. Goldmark also served as an expert in the research department at American Telephone and Telegraph on women's employment and health problems (1919-1939), and was vice-chair of the New York City Child Labor Commission. She died in White Plains, New York, in 1910.
^ TOPImmigration to the US Resources
Listed below are digital resources from the Immigration to the US collection by, about, or related to Josephine Clara Goldmark. These resources represent only a selection of what exists on these topics. More physical materials on these topics may be available at the owning repositories, some of which are open to the public.
Committee for the Study of Nursing Education. Nursing and Nursing Education in the United States. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1923.
Brandeis, Louis Dembitz; assisted by Josephine Goldmark. Women in Industry: Decision of the United States Supreme Court in Curt Muller vs. State of Oregon: Upholding the Constitutionality of the Oregon Ten Hour Law for Women and Brief for the State of Oregon. New York: Reprinted by the National Consumers League, 1908.
Brandeis, Louis Dembitz; assisted by Josephine Goldmark. W.C. Ritchie and Company, et. als., Appellees, vs. John E.W. Wayman and Edgar T. Davies, Appellants, Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, Hon. Richard S. Tuthill, Judge Presiding: Brief and Argument for Appellants. [Chicago: 1909].
Brandeis, Louis Dembitz; assisted by Josephine Goldmark. Wilson, F.P. F.A. Miller, Plaintiff-in-Error, vs. F.P. Wilson, Sheriff, William B. Bosley et. al., Appellants, vs. John P. McLaughlin, Labor Commissioner of the State of California, William B. Bosely, et. al., Appellants, vs. John P. McLaughlin, Labor Commissioner of the State of California, et. al. New York: C.P. Young, printers [1914?].
Brandeis, Louis Dembitz; assisted by Josephine Goldmark. The People of the State of New York, Respondent, Against Charles Schweinler Press, a Corporation, Defendant-Appellant. New York: National Consumers League, [1918?].
Frankfurter, Felix; assisted by Josephine Goldmark. The Case for the Shorter Work Day: Supreme Court of the United States, October Term, 1915, Franklin O. Bunting, Plaintiff in Error, vs. the State of Oregon, Defendant in Error: Brief for Defendant in Error. New York: Reprinted by National Consumers League, 1916.
Goldmark, Josephine ed. Child Labor Legislation: Schedules of Existing Statutes and the Standard Child Labor Law Embodying the Best Provisions of the Most Effective Measures Now in Force: Handbook, 1908. Philadelphia: American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1908.
Goldmark, Josephine. Comparison of an Eight-Hour Plant and a Ten-Hour Plant. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1920.
Goldmark, Josephine. Fatigue and Efficiency: A Study in Industry. New York: Survey Associates, 1913.
Goldmark, Josephine. Handbook of Laws Regulating Women's Hours of Labor. New York: National Consumers League, 1912.
Goldmark, Josephine. Labour Laws for Women in the United States. London: Women's Industrial Council, 1907.
Goldmark, Josephine. "Necessary Sequel of Child Labor Laws." American Journal of Sociology. II: 312-25. November 1905. Published in Selected Articles on the Employment of Women, ed. Edna D. Bullock. Minneapolis: H.W. Wilson Co., 1911. Pages 11-17.
Goldmark, Josephine. "The Illinois Ten-Hour Decision," in The Economic Position of Women. New York: Academy of Political Science, Columbia University, 1910. Pages 185-187.
Goldmark, Josephine. "The Supreme Court and the 8-Hour Day," in The Eight Hours Day for Wage Earning Women. New York: The National Consumers League, 1916. Pages 5-8.
Goldmark, Josephine. "Working Women and the Laws: a Record of Neglect," in Woman's Work and Organizations, ed. Emory R. Johnson. Philadelphia: American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1906. Pages 64-78.
Oregon. Industrial Welfare Commission. Oregon Minimum Wage Cases: Supreme Court of the United States, October term, 1916. New York: Reprinted by National Consumers League, [1916?].
^ TOPOther Resources
Listed below are web sites about, or related to, Josephine Clara Goldmark. These resources are listed to point users to further information outside the context of the Immigration to the US collection. The Open Collections Program and Harvard University bear no responsibility for the contents of these web sites. This list is not intended to be comprehensive.
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