James R. Chadwick (1844-1905)
As a leading Boston physician who specialized in women's health, Dr. James Chadwick helped support the inclusion of women within the then exclusively male medical profession. After earning his M.D. from Harvard in 1871, Chadwick helped establish the gynecological department of the Boston City Hospital in 1874, taught gynecology courses at Harvard Medical School, and eventually became president of the American Gynecological Society. In 1875, he was one of the founders of the Boston Medical Library, a rich collection of medical information for Boston physicians. In 1890, he served as the first president of the Harvard Medical Alumni Association.
In 1850, the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania opened, the first school in the country with the mission to train female doctors. Other schools, like the New York Infirmary School, soon began to offer similar programs to expand the number of women in medicine. Though debate over the acceptance of women in the medical profession continued, Chadwick authored a report that cited the contributions of the first generation of New York Infirmary's female graduates. Chadwick's report was a crucial asset for the advocates of women's medical education in their campaign to admit women into traditionally all-male medical schools. Across the U.S., medical schools began to accept women into their programs at the end of the nineteenth century, and by 1915 the American Medical Association had admitted its first female member.
OCP Resources
Published Works
Chadwick, James R. The study and practice of medicine by women. New York: A.S. Barnes & Co., 1879.
Chadwick, James R. Admission of women to the Massachusetts Medical Society. Boston: n.p., 1882.
Manuscripts
The papers of James Read Chadwick are held at the Countway Medical Library: Provenance: Boston Medical Library.
Collection contains correspondence, mostly incoming to Chadwick that concerns the Boston Medical Library and its portrait collection; gynecological matters including medical opinions and patient referrals; attendance at meetings of professional societies; invitations to give addresses; cremations and crematoriums; and social activities. Correspondents include J. S. Billings, Oliver Wendell Holmes, William Osler, and S. Weir Mitchell. Also includes correspondence from other individuals who were associated with Chadwick and miscellaneous items, such as a report, document, poem, and memorandum.
Chadwick, James R. Medical education and society membership of women: correspondence and clippings, collected and arranged by James R. Chadwick. [n.p., n.d.].
Web Resources
Washington University in St. Louis: Bernard Becker Medical Library Digital Collection. The Path to Medical Coeducation in the United States. 2004.
Countway Library of Medicine. The Boston Medical Library. 2005.
The Harvard Medical Alumni Association. The Beginnings.
The San Francisco Medical Society. Women Pioneers in San Francisco Medicine.